sir alex ferguson

Sir Alex Ferguson, an eminent football manager, was born to Alexander and Elizabeth on December 31, 1941 in Glasgow, Scotland. He married Cathy and they have three sons; Mark and twins, Darren and Jason. Of his sons, only Darren has followed his father’s profession and is the manager of the Peterborough United FC.

He managed the Scotland national football team for a brief period in 1986 before he moved to the Aberdeen Football Club.

Between 1957 and 1974, Sir Alex Ferguson spent his playing career with the Queen’s Park FC (1957-60), St. Johnstone FC (1960-64), Dunfermline Athletic FC (1964-67), Rangers FC (1967-69), Falkirk FC (1969-73) and Ayr United FC (1973-74). Being a talented striker, he helped the Saints’ to win the Scottish First Division in 1962-63 and the Bairns to secure the Scottish First Division in 1969-70. By the end of the 1973-74 season, Sir Alex Ferguson completed his stint as a player scoring 167 goals in 327 appearances that he made for various clubs.

At the age of 32, Sir Alex Ferguson began his management career as a part-time job in June 1974 with the East Stirlingshire FC. It was only when he moved to the St.Mirren FC, that he started his full-time management career. With him as the coach, the Saints’ team won the Scottish First Division in 1976-77. During his stay at St.Mirren, Sir Alex Ferguson coached the team and spotted young talents like Billy Stark, Tony Fitzpatrick, Lex Richardson, Frank McGarvey, Bobby Reid and Peter Weir.

In June 1978, when he joined the Aberdeen Football Club (FC), he was younger than a few senior players of the team. Sir Alex Ferguson earned the respect and trust of his team players only after the Dons won 5-0 against the opponent team on the final day of the Scottish league that season (1979-80). Being a strict disciplinarian with brilliant managerial skills, he helped the Dons’ to become the runner-up of the Scottish League Cup in 2 seasons, 1978-80, and clinch the Scottish Premier Division title (1979-80). The outstanding team-building talent of Sir Alex Ferguson helped the Dons’ team to take the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Cup Winners’ Cup in 1982-83 and secure the UEFA Super Cup in 1983-84. With his guidance, the Aberdeen FC bagged the Scottish Football Association (SFA) Cup for 3 consecutive seasons, 1981-84 and also during 1985-86. After his efficient training, the Dons’ performed well to fetch the Scottish Premier Division titles for 2 consecutive seasons, 1983-85 and the Scottish League Cup in 1985-86.

On November 6, 1986, Sir Alex Ferguson took up as the manager of Manchester United. After a few initial disappointments from players, he came back with a bang when his team won the League Cup during 1991-92 and the Premier League in 1992-93. His team-building tactics, by bringing-in talent from other teams to the Red Devils’ squad showed remarkable results. Sir Alex Ferguson worked with talented players like Dwight Yorke, Ryan Giggs, Teddy Sheringham, Paul Scholes and Ole Gunnar Solskjær and won the memorable the FA Cup Final against Newcastle United (2-0) in 1998-99. In that season, the Red Devils’ squad also bagged the UEFA Champions League and the Intercontinental Cup. Under the efficient coaching of Sir Alex Ferguson, Manchester United won the Premier League (10 times), the FA Cup (5 times), the League Cup twice, the FA Charity/Community Shield (8 times), the UEFA Champions League twice, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup once each.

In 1983, Sir Alex Ferguson was honoured in 1983 with an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for his service to football. He received the Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995 and the Knight Bachelor in 1999. In recognition to his achievements with the Manchester United FC, Sir Alex Ferguson was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002.

Being the most successful league manager, Sir Alex Ferguson became the Football Association (FA) Premier League Manager of the Year, 8 times (1993-94, 1995-97, 1998-2000, 2002-03, 2006-08). In 1996, he received the Football Writers’ Association (FWA) Tribute Award for his success with the Red Devils’ team. By winning the FA Premier League Manager of the Month, 21 times, Sir Alex Ferguson became the only manager in the history of English football to have accomplished such a feat. He received the League Managers Association (LMA) Manager of the Year in 1998-99, 2007-08 and the LMA Manager of the Decade for the 1990s. When the Red Devils’ walked away with the UEFA Champions League in 1998-99, the coach of the team, Sir Alex Ferguson was awarded the UEFA Champions League Manager of the Year for that season.

For his commendable contribution to the game of football, Sir Alex Ferguson received a number of awards in 1999, including, the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award, BBC Sports Personality of the Year Team Award, World Soccer Magazine Coach of the Year, Mussabini Medal, International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) Club Coach of the Year and Onze d’Or Coach of the Year. Sir Alex Ferguson was conferred the Laureus World Sports Award for Team of the Year (2000) and BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001.

The year 2007 was yet another successful year for the winning manager of the Manchester United FC, Sir Alex Ferguson, who went on to claim the World Soccer Magazine Coach of the Year, the Professional Footballers’ Association Merit Award and Onze D’Or Coach of the Year.  

In 2008 Sir Alex Ferguson led Manchester United to his 10^th Premier League championship and his second European title. The club from Manchester beat the club from London, Chelsea, in the UEFA Champions League final held in Moscow, to lift the most prestigious European trophy. It was speculated that Sir Ferguson will retire soon after this incredible success, but these rumors were soon put to rest when he vowed to stay on.

At the end of the 2008-09 United won the Premier League title for the third consecutive time, a feat that made Alex Ferguson the first manager in the history of the Premier League to win three titles in a row. The English football empire also added to its trophy case the 2009 Football League Cup. It won the Football League Cup again in 2010.

In 2011 Ferguson's team won the championship once again, against all odds and in convincing fashion. The 2011 championship was especially meaningful for the Scot manager and for the team's fans, as it allowed the club to move ahead of Liverpool on the all-time championship list, with 19 trophies, compared to the Reds' 18. For many, turning Manchester United into the most successful English football club in history, has cemented Alex Ferguson's place in history, as the most successful football manager of his era.

history of as Roma

In June 1893, the British brought football to Italy in Genoa, when it was a bunch of young British people introduced themselves and submit to some form of health club consular. And then stood Genoa Cricket Athletic who then renamed again to Genoa Cricket and Football Club.
But it needs a few more decades of football being Calcio. Then after popping a few clubs throughout Italy, the first national championship was played in 1939-40. Previous clubs that come and play in many different regional and passed the elimination round after the final scudetto offered nationally.
The time between births in Genoa and the first Championship, football is also played in Rome, there emerged various clubs as a result of the new trend is rapidly spreading kesegenap country. Present the first club in the city of Rome is Roma Football Club (1901) which followed the birth of the Roman and Lazio in 1902 from Gymnastics club that has been established in 1900, then came Alba (1907), Fortitudo (1908), and Audace , Esperia, Juventus Roma.
In the early 20s roma major championships (the group was split in a regional group) they are Lazio, Romana, Fortitudo, Alba, Juventus, Roman, and Pro Audace Roma. In 1922 Fortitude able to reach the final of the National Championships where played 2 meetings, where they were defeated by Pro Vercelli (3-0 & 5-2). In 1925, Alba’s turn to reach the final and must be defeated by Genoa (4-0 & 2-0). Alba back next year made it to the finals and came back with a 7-1 and 5-0 defeat by Juventus of Torino.
In essence, it is clear that the power of soccer in roma are divided for the many clubs make it too weak to compete with the North. Required radical reorganization. So Pro Romana Rome and later merged Fortitudo join, Juventus and Roma broke Audace Absorded by Alba.
Then in 1927 the capital was represented by four football clubs: Alba-Audace, Fortitudo, Roman and Lazio.
Alba wearing green with a white stripe Horizontal. Their fans are from districts S. Giovanni and Appio or southern zone which developed rapidly in Rome.
Fortitudo by definition is the team to catholic, with red and blue uniforms. Representing the bourgeois society around Borgo Pio and Prati in the immediate neighborhood with the Vatican.
Roman is a team of district Flaminio and Parioli, bringing color tradition of the Roman Empire, giallorosso (red and yellow)
Lazio, the club of all the above are the most organized. Because they are part of a sports center (Polisportiva) where their activity is not only football but range from racing bikes to the gym. Carrying the sky blue color is the color of the Greek ynag chosen by its founders to keep semngat Olympics. Lazio name itself is taken from the name of the province of Lazio.
Associazione Sportiva Roma was founded in 1927 by Italo Foschi. This club is the result of a merger of three clubs Roma has stood before the Roman, Alba-Audace and Fortitudo.
Merger of three clubs is an initiative of the famous Italian fascist dictator, Benito Mussolini. The goal is to build a strong club from the capital who can end the domination of northern Italian clubs at the time.
In his first year as a professional club, AS Roma made Motovelodromo Appio as their home stadium before moving on Campo Testaccio which opened in November 1929.
AS Roma are also identical to the colors maroon and golden yellow, which represents the traditional colors of the city itself. The color itself is taken from one of the three clubs merged, the Roman Football Club

INDONESIA IN THE PAST

The history of Indonesia can be said to date back at least half a million years for that is the date ascribe to the hominid fossils found in 1809 by Eugene Dubois near the village of Trinil, East Java. Indonesia’s history, has been profoundly affected by the sea. Major waves of human immigration to the islands occurred as long ago as 3000BC, and continued piecemeal for the best part of 3000 years. It is not known, though exactly where these people came from southern China or the Pacific islands. Certainly they brought with them their language, Austronesian, However, because they arrived in smallish groups and established independently settlements all around the coast, sometimes co-existing with the distant descendants of Java Man, this language rapidly diversified, so that now there are something like 200 different languages, all derived from Austronesian, spoken within Indonesia. However, the national language in Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia or many foreigners refer to it simply as "bahasa". Bahasa Indonesia is used in formal conversations and understood nationwide. At the same time that people were immigrating to Indonesia, earlier settlement were sailing to other parts of the world in order to trade. The first records of this are probably in the works fo Pliny Elder, whose Historia Naturalis seems to refer to trade between people from Indonesia and the cultures of eastern Africa. It was about this time that Hinduism first came to Indonesia, with the arrival of Indian traders. However, the real impact of Hinduism was to come to Indonesia much later, as a deliberate missionary act by Brahmans, probably in the 5th century, by luck of coincidence some of the basic ideas of Hindusim accorded well with existing Indonesian mountainworship, and a strange hybrid of the two religions emerged. Indonesia’s major trading partner by this time was southern China, thus Buddhist influences also began to play a part. 

Until perhaps as late as the 7th century the peoples of Indonesia still retained their multiplicity of comparatively small communities, trading and sometimes fighting with each other. By then, however, a major Buddhist kingdom, Sriwijaya, had established itself with its centre probably just to the west of modern Palembang, in Sumatra. It seems the rulers of Srivijaya had considerable wealth as a result of both an extensive trade network and great industry in the region. At the end of the 7th century Sriwijaya moved to conquer all the smaller communities along the northern coast of Sumatra and thereby snatched a monopoly of the lucrative trade with China. The Maharajahs made various treaties with the natives of smaller islands in the region so that merchant ships could pass unmolested. In this way, the kingdom survived until the10th century, it being convenient for the Chinese to deal with only one centre. However, the Chinese then began trading with local production centres elsewhere in the region, and there was little Sriwijaya could do to stop them. The kingdom may have dragged on until sometime in the 14th century, but by then its power was a mere husk.

Meanwhile, from about the 8th century, central Java had been ruled by the Sailendra princes. Their small kingdom was argriculturally rich, and they were able to spend lavishly on the erection of religious monuments. The vast sanctuary and burial edifice of Borobudur was built over some 50 years from the end of the 8th century onwards. The Temple to Siva at Prambanan began to be constructed at about the same time that Borobudur was completed, although its builder were not the Sailendras. However, something seems to have happened at about the start of the 10th century, for there was a sudden cessation in the production of monuments, inscriptions and other artefacts from central Java. 

In 1268, the Javaneses King Kertanagara came to the throne, and within a few years he extended his kingdom to include southern Sumatra’s ancient kingdom of Malayu. He was overthrown and killed in 1292, but not before he stupidly sent the envoy of Kublai Khan home with his nose cut off and ‘No’ tattoo on his forehead. By the time a punitive Mongol expedition arrived in Java, the usurper himself had been despatched by Kertanagara’s son-in-law Kertarajasa, who used wile to repel the threat from overseas, then set up his new capital at Majaphit. Kertarajasa and his successors gradually established dominance over most of today’s Indonesia as well as parts of Malaysia.

In the 11th century, traders brought Islam to the islands of the archipelago. Just as the Indonesian had earlier adapted Buddhism to their own needs and beliefs, so they accepted Islam very much on their own terms. However, there was no centre of Indonesian Islamic culture, this scatteredness influence provide a major weakness when the Dutch arrived.

The Dutch were not the first Europeans to occupy Indonesia, the Portuguese and British had been here before them, but with little effect. From 1602 to 1799, the country was ruled by the Dutch East India Company. In the latter year the ailing company was wound up by the Dutch Government, its finances deteriorating largely because Indonesia itself was now too mature a nation to suffer colonialism any longer, and was establishing illicit trading links of its own that subverted the Dutch East India Company. Despite rebellions, Indonesia remained a Dutch colony until 1942. The Japanese occupied the islands from 1942 - 1945 before the Dutch returned to claims their colony however fierce resistance ensued and at the end of 1949 the Ducth conceded sovereignty in all Indonesia except West Irian. In 1956 the last ties with the Netherlands were severed. 

It was in 1956 that Sukarno introduced his concept of Guided Democracy, which involved the rejection of links with the West. One of the main consequences was a rapid decline into economic chaos. Irian Jaya joined Indonesia in 1963. An attempted communist coup in 1965 was suppressed with uncommon brutality, a campaign of extirpation that was continued even more ruthlessly by the authoritarian right-wing regime of General Raden Suharto, which overthrew Sukarno in 1966. Suharto also ended the confrontation with Malaysia that had persisted through the Sukarno years, took Indonesia back into the United Nations, came to an accomodation with Papua New Guinea, and in 1975 invaded East Timor. This occupation has led to considerable loss of life and Indonesia’s claims to the region are still unrecognised by the United Nations.